Some of you may have become aware that recently the Australian government decided not to further attempt eradication of the Asian Honey Bee from Australian Shores. At the end of March this infestation, that is reported to have come to Australia around 3 years ago, is expected to be added to the Endemic list meaning no further action will be taken.
Up to this point the original infestation has continued to be monitored in Cairns but the estimated $10 million, over 2 year, price tag required to seriously attempt eradication has been deemed too great a cost. It's this acceptance that we will not eradicate this pest that has meant that in the last week the Asian Honey Bee Eradication Program has gone from around 45 staff to just 5.
Isn't a Bee Just a Bee?
In this case, not really. The Asian Honey Bee has a small and relatively hairless body compared to our domesticated European Honey bees. This means that the crops that we grow and depend are not effectively pollinated, if any pollination occurs, by these bees.
To make the situation even more concerning the Asian Honey Bee will commonly rob honey and destroy the hives of the domestic bees, who we rely on for most of our pollination with regard to all of our major food crops. Unsurprisingly this stresses the domestic hive which of course cuts down the honey available to commercial Bee Keepers but also to the honey available to the bees themselves potentially decreasing the hive's health. Over time this makes and individual hive more susceptible disease or unusual season variations like the ones seen recently.
Similar to European Wasps Asian Honey Bees prefer to nest around disturbed ground. This means that often they build homes in man made structures, increasing the chances of people being stung.
Unfortunately although the picture above doesn't look rosy it's not actually the greatest concern. The Asian Honey Bee is a known host for the
Varroa Destructor mite. It's this mite that's rise within the domestic honey bee populations overseas is currently being studied as a contributing factor to Colony Collapse Disorder. As Australia's quarantine service has, to this point, kept us free of the
Varroa Destructor mite this is a future concern but as we are the only country who's bee populations don't harbour this pest it's a matter of time before we will have to deal with it. Having a host species endemic within Australia will simply mean what could be a slow and possibly controlled threat has the potential to move quickly not allowing time for any effective response.
Is it all Bad News for Australia?
Honestly, we don't really know but it is bad news for the honey industry. Most states of Australia do have populations of native bees. These bees are often immune to the problems that destroy domestic hives. Many native bee populations don't display significant hive behaviour but regardless they do collect pollen, thus facilitating pollination. They may be less efficient at pollinating our preferred food crops, this is still under study, but we are not looking at a country without food, just maybe without honey.
The concern is that in a world that seems to be on the edge of food stress as it is, the collapse of Australia's domestic bee hives, no matter what the final cause, would open up an even more volatile food future.
Sources
http://www.theage.com.au/victoria/fight-the-mites-might-20110218-1azqe.html
http://www.abc.net.au/rural/qld/content/2010/06/s2932707.htm
http://www.radioaustralia.net.au/connectasia/stories/201005/s2894766.htm